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George W. Johnson
George Washington Johnson (c. October 1846 – January 23, 1914) was a singer and pioneer sound recording artist, the first African-American recording star of the phonograph.〔Possibly George Johnson; 67 years; January 23, 1914; certificate #3164; Manhattan. This would have him born in 1847. The 1900 US Census lists him as being born in May 1850 and should be considered the most reliable, since it was self-reported: 〕〔Brooks 2004, p. 17.〕
==Early life==
Johnson was born in Virginia, either in Fluvanna County or near Wheatland in Loudoun County. His father may have been a slave; if so, he was likely freed in 1853. From an early age, Johnson was raised near Wheatland as the companion and servant of a prosperous white farmer's son. During his time with this family, he developed his musical ability and even learned to read and write, which was unusual for a black child in Virginia before the American Civil War.〔Brooks 2004, p. 18.〕 Johnson later worked as a laborer, and in his late twenties he moved to New York City. By the late 1870s he was making his living as a street entertainer in New York, specializing in whistling popular tunes.〔Brooks 2004, p. 24.〕
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